About Sheep Dogs and why they are used for herding sheep in the UK

Sheep farming itself has been part of the British rural economy since ancient times, dating back to the Neolithic period. However, it was during the medieval period that sheep farming expanded significantly, largely driven by the lucrative wool trade. The UK became one of the world’s leading producers of wool, particularly during the 12th to 16th centuries. As flocks grew in size, the need for effective management of sheep across open landscapes became increasingly important, especially in hilly and remote regions such as the Scottish Highlands, Welsh mountains, and northern England.

What dog breeds are the best sheep dogs?

The use of dogs to help herd and manage sheep likely began in earnest during this period. While the exact origins of sheepdogs are difficult to pinpoint, it is widely believed that early British farmers selectively bred dogs for traits such as intelligence, obedience, speed, and agility — all essential for working with livestock.

One of the most iconic breeds associated with sheep herding in the UK is the Border Collie. Originating from the Anglo-Scottish border region, the Border Collie emerged in its modern form during the 19th century. This breed quickly became renowned for its extraordinary working ability, intelligence, and stamina. Unlike other breeds that may herd through barking or aggression, Border Collies often use intense eye contact, known as “the eye,” to control the movement of sheep, guiding them with subtle movements and minimal noise.

When did competitive sheepdog trials start?

By the 1800s, sheepdog trials began to emerge as a way to test and showcase the abilities of these dogs. The first recorded sheepdog trial took place in Bala, North Wales, in 1873. Competitions became increasingly popular, particularly in rural communities where herding skills were vital for daily work. These trials also contributed to the development and refinement of training techniques and standards for working dogs.

The rise of the International Sheep Dog Society (ISDS), established in 1906, further helped formalize the breeding and training of sheepdogs in the UK. The ISDS created a registry for working dogs and set guidelines for performance in trials, helping preserve the working qualities of the breeds and ensuring high standards across the profession.

Today, despite advances in modern farming technology, sheepdogs remain essential in many parts of the UK. The rugged landscapes of regions like the Lake District, the Scottish Highlands, Eryri (Snowdonia) and the Bannau Brycheiniog (Brecon Beacons) are not easily accessible by vehicle or machinery, making the skill of a trained sheepdog invaluable. Moreover, herding continues to be celebrated as both a professional skill and cultural tradition, with sheepdog trials broadcast on television and drawing large audiences.

In essence, the history of herding sheep with dogs in the UK is not just a story of farming, but one of partnership — between human and dog, both working in harmony to manage and protect flocks across some of the most challenging yet beautiful terrain in the country.